Targeted drug delivery utilizing nanocontainers has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby delivering the payload directly to the site of

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further exploited by engineering their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the introduction of functional groups or ligands t